19 مقاله لاتین

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60-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 335–339

Suicidal ideation, antidepressive medication and car crash injury

61-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 349–355

Helmet use and motorcycle fatalities in Taiwan

62-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 357–366

The role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle crashes

63-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 341–348

Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness,and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving

64-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 367–371

Seat belt utilization in Saudi Arabia and its impact on road

accident injuries

65-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 377–388

Would relaxing speed limits aggravate safety?A case study of Hong Kong

66-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 373–376

Relationships between injuries at work and during leisure time

71-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 35–46

Poisson, Poisson-gamma and zero-inflated regression models of motor vehicle crashes: balancing statistical fit and theory_

72-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 47–51

Factors influencing the use of cellular (mobile) phone during

driving and hazards while using it

73-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 53–62

Enforcement of speed limits—actual policy and drivers’knowledge

74-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 63–69

The effects of driver training on simulated driving performance

75-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 71–75

Bicycle-related injuries among young children related to age at debut of cycling

76-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 77–83

Community-based programs to promote car seat restraints in children 0–16 years – a systematic review

77-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 85–92

Individual and contextual effects in injury morbidity in Barcelona (Spain)

78-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 93–102

Bicycle safety helmet legislation and bicycle-related non-fatal injuries in California

79-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 103–108

The effect of helmet use on injury severity and crash circumstances in skiers and snowboarders

80-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 125–135

The effects of area deprivation on the incidence of child and

adult pedestrian casualties in England

81-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 137–141

Epidemiological profile of mortality due to injuries in three

cities in the Guangxi Province, China

82-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 143–148

Characteristics of alcohol-related fatal general aviation crashes

29 مقاله لاتین

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31-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 453–460

Fatal red light crashes: the role of race and ethnicity

32-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 461–472

Towards a general theory of driver behaviour

33-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 473–478

Fatigue, sleep restriction and driving performance

34-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 479–494

The effects of vehicle model and driver behavior on risk

35-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 495–503

Responses of side impact dummies in sled tests

36-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 505–514

Odontoid fracture in motor vehicle environments

37-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 515–522

Road safety effects of porous asphalt: a systematic review

of evaluation studies

38-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 523–529

Voluntary risk taking and skill deficits in young

driver accidents in the UK

39-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 531–536

The effect of Center High Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL) on rear-end accidents in Israel

40-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 537–548

Stated preferences for the removal of physical pain resulting from permanently disabling occupational injuries

A contingent valuation study of Taiwan

41-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 549–556

Road safety impact of extended drinking hours in Ontario

42-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 557–562

Parent-imposed limits on high-risk adolescent driving: are they stricter with graduated driver licensing?

43-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 563–567

The association between sudden illness and motor vehicle crash mortality and injury among older drivers in NSW, Australia

44-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 569–573

The Cochrane Collaboration and bicycle helmets

45-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 575–581

Effects of a rumble strip barrier line on lane keeping in a curve

46-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 583–590

Brief communications and research notes

Child restraint system use and misuse in six states

47-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 217–224

Driving under the influence (DUI) among U.S. ethnic groups

48-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 225–233

Is there a pattern in European bus and coach incidents? A literature analysis with special focus on injury causation and injury mechanisms

49-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 235–244

A systems analysis of the Ladbroke Grove rail crash_

50-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 245–251

Drinking history and risk of fatal injury: comparison among

specific injury causes

51-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 253–258

A survey of teenager unnatural deaths in northern Sweden 1981–2000

52-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 259–266

Drink driving enforcement and publicity campaigns: are the policy recommendations sensitive to model specification?

53-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 267–273

Confidence and prediction intervals for generalised

linear accident models

54-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 275–285

The effect of collision pulse properties on seven proposed

whiplash injury criteria

55-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 287–293

Factors affecting pelvic and thoracic forces in near-side impact crashes:a study of US-NCAP, NASS, and CIREN data

56-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 295–303

Developing an inverse time-to-collision crash alert timing approach based on drivers’ last-second braking and steering judgments

57-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 305–313

Post-licence driver education for the prevention of road traffic

crashes: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

58-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 315–326

Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving

59-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 327–333

Driver age and vehicle engine size effects on fault and severity

in young motorcyclists accidents

 

مقاله: پک1: 20مقاله لاتین

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11-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 675–680

Predicting older drivers’ accident involvement – Smeed’s law revisited

12-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 681–688

Attributions of responsibility for motor vehicle crashes

13-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 689–698

Causes and prevention of boating fatalities

14-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 699–720

Bayesian ranking of sites for engineering safety improvements:Decision parameter, treatability concept ,statistical criterion,and spatial dependence

15-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 731–741

Are speed enforcement cameras more effective than other speed management measures?

An evaluation of the relationship between speed and accident reductions

16-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 742–754

Are speed enforcement cameras more effective than other speed management measures?

The impact of speed management schemes on 30 mph roads

17-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 755–760

Is the number of traffic fatalities in American hospitals decreasing?

18-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 761–766

Different quantitative measures of the impact of injury deaths on the community in the Guangxi Province, China

19-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 767–774

Occupational vehicular accident claims: A workers’ compensation analysis of Oregon truck drivers 1990–1997

20-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 775–786

Comprehensive analysis of vehicle–pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida

 

21-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 787–799

Understanding spatial concentrations of road accidents using frequent item sets

22-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 801–806

Low speed vehicle passenger ejection restraint effectiveness

23-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 389–390

Personal communication

New technology to better convey your mood (and research)

24-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 391–397

Drink driving in Belgium: results from the third and improved roadside survey

25-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 399–406

Visual timing and adaptive behavior in a road-crossing imulation study

 

26-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 407–416

Intelligent speed adaptation: accident savings and cost–benefit analysis

27-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 417–425

Exploring the overall and specific crash severity levels at signalized intersections

28-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 427–433

Drug use and the severity of a traffic accident

29-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 435–439

The effect of seating location on the injury of properly restrained children in child safety seats

30-Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 441–451

Exposure survey of motorcyclists in New South Wales

مقاله:Seat position and the risk of serious thoracoabdominal injury in lateral motor vehicle crashes

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 668–674

Seat position and the risk of serious thoracoabdominal injury in lateral motor vehicle crashes

Craig D. Newgard a,., Roger J. Lewis b,c,d, Jess F. Kraus e,f, K. John McConnell a

a Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University,

3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code CR-114, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA

b David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

c Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

d Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA

e Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

f School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Received 24 February 2005; accepted 2 March 2005

Abstract

Context: Previous studies have suggested that motor vehicle occupants seated on the near-side of a lateral impact have a higher proportion of thoracoabdominal injuries. However, due to limitations in previous studies, the true association between seat position, side of lateral impact, and thoracoabdominal injury is unclear.

Objective: To assess the relationship between seat position (i.e., near-side, middle-seat, and far-side, regardless of row), side of lateral motor vehicle crash (MVC), and serious thoracoabdominal injury after adjusting for important crash factors.

Design: National population-based cohort of adult subjects involved in MVCs and included in the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System database (NASS CDS) from 1995 to 2003.

Patients: Occupants aged ≥16 years involved in MVCs where the highest external deformation of the vehicle was located on the right or left side (i.e., lateral).

Main outcome measure: Serious thoracic or abdominal injury, defined as an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥3 in the thoracic or abdominal body region.

Results: Fifteen thousand, one hundred and sixty persons involved in primary lateral MVCs were represented in the NASS CDS database during the 9-year period. There were 1867 (2%) persons with serious thoracic injuries and 507 persons (0.5%) with serious abdominal injuries.

In multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for important crash factors and the NASS CDS sampling design, seat position was a strong effect modifier of the association between side of lateral impact and serious thoracic (p < 0.0001) and abdominal (p = 0.0009) injury,

with the risk of serious thoracic and abdominal injury highest for occupants seated on the near-side of the crash. The mean probability of injury was higher for near-side and middle-seat occupants compared to far-side occupants, and the probability of thoracic injury was approximately

four times higher than that of abdominal injury for all seat positions.

Conclusions: There is a strong, synergistic relationship between seat position and side of lateral MVC in assessing risk of serious thoracic and abdominal injury among adult occupants. The probability of serious thoracoabdominal injury increases with increasing proximity of seat position to side of the crash and the risk of thoracic injury is higher than abdominal injury for all seat positions.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Thoracic injury; Abdominal injury; Motor vehicle crash

مقاله:Firearm storage practices and rates of unintentional firearm eaths in the United States

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 661–667

Firearm storage practices and rates of unintentional firearm eaths in the United States

Matthew Miller ., Deborah Azrael, David Hemenway, Mary Vriniotis

Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., 3rd Fl., Boston, MA 02115, USA

Received 14 February 2005; accepted 24 February 2005

Abstract

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association recommend storing firearms unloaded and locked up to minimize the chance of injury. Although these recommendations appeal to common sense, no study has yet addressed whether firearm storage practices influence the risk of unintentional firearm injury.

Methods: Negative binomial regression analyses were used to assess the cross sectional relation between firearm storage practices and rates of unintentional firearm death in the United States, controlling for rates of firearm prevalence, poverty and urbanization. Recently available state-level measures of household firearm prevalence and firearm storage practices were obtained from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Unintentional firearm death counts and population data came from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Results: Independent of firearm prevalence, urbanization, and poverty, a disproportionately large share of unintentional firearm fatalities occurred in states where gun owners were more likely to store their firearms loaded, the greatest risk occurring in states where loaded firearms were more likely to be stored unlocked.

Conclusion: Our findings provide empirical support for recommendations issued by the AMA and the AAP that firearms should be stored unloaded and locked, and suggest that promoting safer storage practices could save many lives.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Firearms; Mortality; Unintentional injury; Storage practices

مقاله:The Fatality Analysis Reporting System as a tool for investigating racial and ethnic determina

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 641–649

The Fatality Analysis Reporting System as a tool for investigating racial and ethnic determinants of motor vehicle crash fatalities

Nathaniel C. Briggs a,., Robert S. Levine a, William P. Haliburton a, David G. Schlundt b,

Irwin Goldzweig c, Rueben C. Warren d

a Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DB Todd Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA

b Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 111 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37203, USA

c Meharry-State Farm Alliance, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DB Todd Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA

d Department of Community Medicine/Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA

Received 18 January 2005; accepted 13 March 2005

Abstract

The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) is a Department of Transportation database in the public domain that contains detailed information about fatalities resulting from motor vehicle crashes on public roadways in the United States since 1975. However, data on race and Hispanic ethnicity were not collected by FARS until 1999. Since then, completeness of reported racial and ethnic information has varied from State to State. To assess utility of FARS for investigating race- and ethnicity-specific risk factors associated with motor vehicle crash mortality, we examined yearly national and State-specific reporting rates of race and Hispanic ethnicity for 168,863 motor vehicle crash fatalities from 1999 to 2002. In 1999, national reporting was 85% for race and 78% for Hispanic ethnicity. Over the 4-year study period, a significant linear increase in annual reporting for both race and Hispanic ethnicity was evident at the national level, as reporting by individual States improved over time. In 2002, national reporting rates reached 90% for race and 88% for Hispanic ethnicity. Our findings indicate that FARS has become a valuable resource for population-based studies of motor vehicle crash mortality disparities that exist among racial and

ethnic subpopulations in the United States.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Fatality Analysis Reporting System; Race; Hispanic origin; Epidemiology; Injury prevention

مقاله:Epidemiology of child pedestrian casualty rates:Can we assume spatial independence?

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 651–659

Epidemiology of child pedestrian casualty rates:Can we assume spatial independence?

Paul J. Hewson.

Environment Directorate, Devon County Council Topsham Road, Exeter EX2 4QW, UK

Received 26 January 2005; accepted 13 March 2005

Abstract

Child pedestrian injuries are often investigated by means of ecological studies, yet are clearly part of a complex spatial phenomena. Spatial dependence within such ecological analyses have rarely been assessed, yet the validity of basic statistical techniques rely on a number of independence assumptions. Recent work from Canada has highlighted the potential for modelling spatial dependence within data that was aggregated in terms of the number of road casualties who were resident in a given geographical area. Other jurisdictions aggregate data in terms of the number of casualties in the geographical area in which the collision took place. This paper contrasts child pedestrian casualty data

from Devon County UK, which has been aggregated by both methods. A simple ecological model, with minimally useful covaraties relating to measures of child deprivation, provides evidence that data aggregated in terms of the casualty’s home location cannot be assumed to be spatially independent and that for analysis of these data to be valid there must be some accounting for spatial auto-correlation within the model structure. Conversely, data aggregated in terms of the collision location (as is usual in the UK) was found to be spatially independent. Whilst the spatial model is clearly more complex it provided a superior fit to that seen with either collision aggregated or non-spatial models. Of

more importance, the ecological level association between deprivation and casualty rate is much lower once the spatial structure is accounted for, highlighting the importance using appropriately structured models.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Bayesian; Spatial modelling; Child Pedestrian; Deprivation

مقاله:Suicide prevention through means restriction: Assessing the risk of substitution A critical re

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 625–632

Suicide prevention through means restriction: Assessing the risk of substitution A critical review and synthesis

Marc S. Daigle .

Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide and Euthanasia and Philippe Pinel Institute, University of Qu´ebec at Trois-Rivi`eres,

P.O. Box 500, Trois-Rivi`eres, Que., Canada G9A 5H7

Received 30 December 2004; accepted 13 March 2005

Abstract

The effectiveness of restricting access to certain means of committing suicide has been demonstrated, at least as regards toxic domestic gas, firearms, drugs and bridges. At the individual level, studies tend to indicate that many persons have a preference for a given means, which would limit the possibility of substitution or displacement towards another method. Similarly, the fact that suicidal crisis are very often short-lived (and, what is more, influenced by ambivalence or impulsiveness) suggests that an individual with restricted access to a given means would not put off his plans to later or turn to alternative methods. This has been more difficult to demonstrate scientifically in population studies. evertheless, it appears that, should such a shift occur towards other means, it would be put into effect only in part and over a longer

term.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Suicide; Means; Restriction; Substitution; Displacement

مقاله:Risky driving habits and motor vehicle driver injury

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 619–624

Risky driving habits and motor vehicle driver injury

Stephanie Blowsa,., Shanthi Ameratunga b, Rebecca Q. Ivers a, Sing Kai Loa, Robyn Norton a

a The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, P.O. Box M201, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia

b Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences,

University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

Received 23 December 2004; received in revised form 14 March 2005; accepted 14 March 2005

Abstract

Risky driving is an important cause of motor vehicle injury, but there is a lack of good epidemiological data in this field, particularly data comparing risky driving in younger drivers to those of other age groups. We examined the elationship between risky driving habits, prior traffic convictions and motor vehicle injury using cross-sectional data amongst 21,893 individuals in New Zealand, including 8029 who were aged 16–24 years. Those who reported equently racing a motor vehicle for excitement or driving at 20 km/h or more over the speed limit, and those who had received traffic convictions over the past 12 months, were between two and four times more likely to have been injured while driving over the same time period. Driving unlicensed was a risk factor for older but not younger drivers, and driving at 20 km/h or more above the speed limits was a stronger risk factor for younger (<25 years) than older drivers. These results confirm the need for interventions targeting risky driving and suggest that different strategies may be required for different high-risk groups.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Risky driving; Traffic conviction; Young driver; Motor vehicle injury

مقاله:Self-rated driving performance among elderly drivers referred for driving evaluation

Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 613–618دانلود

Self-rated driving performance among elderly drivers referred for driving evaluation

Barbara Freund a,., LeighAnna A. Colgrove a, Bonnie L. Burke b, Rebecca McLeoda

a The Glennan Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA

b Epidemiology and Biometry Core, Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, USA

Received 4 January 2005; received in revised form 14 March 2005; accepted 14 March 2005

Abstract

Purpose: To explore whether elderly drivers of varying driving skill levels (1) differ in their perception of their driving evaluation performance and (2) determine if self-rated driving evaluation performance is related to cognitive ability.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-two drivers aged 65 years or older and referred for a driving evaluation were enrolled into the study. Subjects were asked the question, “howwell do you think you will perform today on your driving evaluation compared to others your own age?” Subjects also completed the Mini-Mental State Exam and a 30-min drive on a STISIM DriveTM simulation (Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne , CA). Only 47 subjects completed both the simulated drive and self-rated item.

Results: Sixty-five percent of drivers rated themselves as performing better on a driving test than others of their age. Another 31.9% felt they would perform the same as others of their age on a driving test. A 50.0% of those considering themselves “a little better” and 52.9% of those considering themselves “a lot better” had an unsafe driving performance. As self-rated driving evaluation performance increased, there was a significantly increased risk of unsafe driving (p = 0.02) in the study population. Drivers who considered themselves at least a little better than others of their age were over four times more likely to be unsafe drivers compared to others who believed they were comparable to or worse than other drivers of their age (RR = 4.13, 95% CI = 1.08–15.78). There was no significant difference in MMSE between self-rating groups (p = 0.76).

Conclusion: Older drivers assign high ratings to their driving performance, even in the presence of suspected skill decline. Cognitive ability was not related to self-rated driving evaluation performance.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Insight; Older drivers; Driving performance; Driving evaluation

مقاله:Impaired driving and motor vehicle crashes among Swedish youth: An investigation into drivers’

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Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 605–611

Impaired driving and motor vehicle crashes among Swedish youth: An investigation into drivers’ sociodemographic characteristics

M. Vaez a,b,., L. Laflammea

a Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, SE-171 76Stoc kholm, Sweden

b Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section for Personal Injury Prevention, Box 127 18, 112 94 Stockholm, Sweden

Received 21 December 2004; accepted 13 March 2005

Abstract

Impaired driving is an important road safety problem, and the characteristics of drivers impaired by alcohol or drugs are relevant to targeted interventions. This study considers young drivers’ sociodemographic attributes: age, sex, class of origin and educational attainment, based on a national cohort of young Swedish drivers (1988–2000) followed up in police registers for their first motor vehicle crash. Of all crashes reported for these drivers, 946 were where the driver was suspected of being under the influence of alcohol or other substances (corresponding to 6% of all first crashes). Impaired driving significantly increases the odds of severe and fatal injuries, regardless of sociodemographic attributes.

Observed differences in the proportions of impaired drivers reveal significant excess risks among males, persons aged 18–19, those from households classified as “workers” and “others” (including, e.g. the long-term unemployed and those on long-term sick leave), and those with low educational attainment. Impaired driving is a risk factor in all sociodemographic strata among young people. Members of some groups are more likely to be found than others among impaired drivers on occasion of first motor vehicle crash.

© 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords: Impaired driving; Sociodemographic patterning; Motor vehicle crash

مقاله:The world’s first automobile fatality

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The world’s first automobile fatality

Isabelle Fallon, Desmond O’Neill .

Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland

Received 4 February 2005; accepted 24 February 2005

Accident Analysis and Prevention 37 (2005) 601–603

Abstract

The first recorded automobile fatality occurred in a small town in the Irish Midlands in 1869. MaryWard, a celebrated microscopist, artist, astronomer and naturalist, fell from a steam carriage and died after crush injuries from its heavy iron wheels. The story of first automobile fatality characterizes the individual tragedy that is each premature death. It also illuminates the story of a remarkable Victorian scientific family. Among their many achievements was the building of a reflector telescope in the heart of rural Ireland that was the largest in the world for 74 years.

© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Automobiles; Accidents; Traffic; History of medicine